Pale limestone cover in graphite green and iron red reading What Is an Ancestor, with the line: an unrecorded life is not less determinate than a recorded one. A faint 2 to the 30th power sits at the lower right.

What Is an Ancestor

An ancestor is ordinarily described as someone you can trace, and the tracing is thought to run out where the documents do. Derived from the foundation, the word turns out to name somebody exactly as settled as your own mother and, for the overwhelming majority of them, permanently unreadable — and those are two separate facts, which is the distinction the family tree has no room for. … readWhat Is an Ancestor

Dark aubergine cover reading What Is a Language, with the line: a language does not build your world and does not merely wrap it; it is a stock of names for conditions that were there either way. A faint numeral 8.7 sits at the lower right.

What Is a Language

A language is pictured either as a neutral container you pour thoughts into, or as the thing that cuts the world into the pieces you are then stuck with. Both pictures assume the only two relations on offer are causing and doing nothing. The foundation I work from has a third one, and the ordinary business of learning a word is where it can be watched operating. … readWhat Is a Language

Cover for What Is a Witness: the title in ink and iodine violet on a silver-plate ground, with a faint developed circle and the result number R6 ghosted at the corner.

What Is a Witness

A witness is supposed to be someone who was there: a person in relation to an event, receiving it and carrying it forward unaltered. The foundation says a witness is not in relation with the event at all, because the event is over and what is over cannot hold up its end of anything. A witness is what an act left behind in a living thing — a mark, not a window — and testimony is a present reading of that mark. That is why a camera counts, why you can become a witness six days after the fact, why two honest people on one corner carry two different crashes, and why nobody has performed an unwitnessed act. … readWhat Is a Witness

Pale limestone cover with the title What Is Age, the word Age in italic verdigris, and a faint R5 glyph in the corner.

What Is Age

Age is supposed to be the time a thing has behind it, and older is supposed to mean farther back. Duration is undefined exactly where that picture stores it: an age is a count taken in the present, between two marks, against a counter you chose to trust — which is why a bronze can lose two thousand years in an afternoon and a wedding can feel nearer than last year’s job. … readWhat Is Age